2.1: What is the UK?

The United Kingdom

The United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the UK, is made up of four nations: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It is important to note that the Republic of Ireland is a separate, independent country and is not part of the UK.

The official title of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. When referring to Great Britain, this includes only England, Scotland, and Wales – Northern Ireland is not included in this term. However, throughout this guide, the terms Britain, British Isles, and British will be used to refer to everyone residing in the UK.

Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories

While the UK comprises the four nations mentioned, there are other islands closely associated with it. These include the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, which are known as Crown dependencies. Though they are closely linked to the UK, these territories are not part of the UK itself and have their own governments.

In addition to these Crown dependencies, the UK also has British overseas territories spread across different parts of the world. Examples of these include St Helena and the Falkland Islands. Like the Crown dependencies, these territories are associated with the UK but are not considered part of it.

Governance of the United Kingdom

The UK is primarily governed by the Parliament located in Westminster, London. However, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland have their own parliaments or assemblies. These devolved governments have powers over certain local matters, meaning they can make decisions in specific areas, while Westminster retains control over broader national issues.